Who Is Mark Spain Real Estate, Twin Flame Signs And Symptoms, Articles B

Women also played an important role: Clara Schumann as a highly reputed pianist and fellow advocate of Bach; and Mendelssohn's accomplished sisters, Fanny and Rebecka, who played the fugue in piano arrangements either together or with their brother Felix. In both cases, however, these are among the few avenues we now have to experience these marvels of Western civilisation. After an analysis of each Sonatas formal character based on the coherent compositional scheme, a meta-analysis is possible to determine the characteristics that shape the Three Sonatas as a whole. BWV 538 Toccata and Fugue in D minor ("Dorian") BWV 539 Prelude and Fugue in D minor; BWV 540 Toccata and Fugue in F major; BWV 541 Prelude and Fugue in G major; BWV 542 Fantasia and Fugue in G minor ("Great") "6 Great Preludes and Fugues" BWV 543 Prelude and Fugue in A minor; BWV 544 Prelude and Fugue in B minor This writer, however, prefers to play one of the many attempted completions, in this case that by the renowned British harpsichordist Davitt Moroney. Classical Music Frq Worksheet - 509 Words | Internet Public Library Songs of the Renaissance: Madrigals and Vocal Parts. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? Fugue ANALYSIS: ENUNCIATION SECTION: Bars 1-3: Subject in Bass [A minor]. It was published posthumously in 1751, and in that first edition, the editors added Bachs final composition, his short Chorale Prelude Before The Throne I Stand as compensation for the missing ending of the final fugue. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for musicians, students, and enthusiasts. Like most of Bach's music, it has survived only as a handwritten manuscript. Composed somewhere between 1703-7, the over 300-year-old work rose to popularity in the 20th century, after it cemented its place in popular media. He was aided by the copyist Joachim Raff at various stages. A further contentious issue is for what instruments Bach composed this work. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner, Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. Manipulations let the composer stretch the fragment into long notes, shrink it into little, fast notes, play it backwards retrograde, or even turn it upside down. So although Die Kunst der Fuga is a work of high art of the utmost seriousness, this does not mean that each individual fugue must be played seriously. You may recall that when multiple independent melodic lines are woven together to create harmony, it's called counterpoint. . It is the fourth prelude and fugue in the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer. Position and Function of "[15][16] In 1905 Reger became the regular piano partner of Philipp Wolfrum, director of music at Heidelberg University and author of a two-volume monograph on Bach. This is a lot like how a fugue works. In fact the previous year Liszt had eloped to Geneva with Marie d'Agoult, with whom they eventually had three children. Bach's contemporary relevance (Was ist mir Johann Sebastian Bach und was bedeutet er fr unsere Zeit?); as Anderson concludes, "The brevity of Regers essay, however, does not prevent the emergence of certain themes that are developed at greater length elsewhere in his writings: the nature of progress, the illness of contemporary musical culture, German nationalism, the guilt of the critics." Fugues - Music Theory Academy But this simple theme undergoes many permutations throughout the 14 fugues and four canons (in baroque terminology, fugues also) which constitute this work. This is in keeping with the late works of such diverse artists as Shakespeare, Beethoven and Goya, which exemplify how pathos, humour, gravity, exuberance and tragedy are inextricably enmeshed in the deepest recesses of the human psyche. This Prelude is divided into two parts of equal length, separated by the double bar, and is built mainly upon two Themes, in length a little more than a bar each, possessing strong characteristics, and written in Double Counterpoint with each other. Fugue in G minor and Sleepers, Wake - Humanities LibreTexts His subjects and countersubjects combine in ways not seen before the 17th century. The Bach fugue in G minor is a work of great technical and musical difficulty. He seems to have begun working on The Art of the Fugue in 1742 and, with many interruptions, continued working on it until 1749. This article is appears in conjunction with upcoming performances by Daniel Herscovitch of The Art of Fugue at Brisbane Conservatorium at 7.30 pm on April 5, Canberra ANU School of Music at 6.30 pm on April 21 and Melbourne at Monash University Clayton Campus Music Auditoriumon at 2 pm on April 28. Its incomplete state creates a musical, aesthetic, philosophical and even moral quandary for the performer. The Connecting or Episodal work placed between the statements of the two themes in the Attendant keys is taken mainly from Bar 3, used in the first part of the Prelude by direct, and in the second part by contrary motion. Bach - BWV 559 Prelude and fugue in A minor - YouTube In this video you can hear the Prelude and Fugue in A minor (BWV 559), one of the eight little preludes and fugues attributed to. A Research Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1122323822&disposition=inline. 20274", "Sebastian Bachs Orgelfugen fr das Pianoforte: zu 4 Hnden eingerichtet", "Bach, J.S., Sechs Preludien und Fugen fr Orgel (vierh. Study the definition of the fugue, the parts of a fugue, how Johann Sebastian Bach became known for his fugues and examples of this musical composition. Bach: Prelude and Fugue No.20 in A minor, BWV 889 Analysis - Tonic Chord Publication date [pref. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Coda: Bars 27-28. Organ Instrument Types, Characteristics & History | How Does an Organ Work? Bach arranged this Vivaldi concerto as his solo organ "concerto" BWV 593, probably in 171416. Johann Sebastian Bach was a master composer of the Baroque period who was known for his fugues. A most powerful and inexhaustible remedy, not only for all those composers and musicians who suffer from misunderstood Wagner, but also for all those contemporaries who suffer from spinal maladies of all kinds. [20] In 1913 a new edition of Bach's complete organ works was published by C. F. Peters, edited by Straube, with detailed instructions on organ technique, following his methods. Bach - Fugue No. Liszt first gave a straight rendition, which was a perfect classical way of playing; then he gave a second more colourful but still nuanced rendition, which was equally appreciated; finally he provided a third rendition, "as I would play it for the public to astonish, as a charlatan!" Bach's most famous organ works, BWV 578 is nicknamed "little" to distinguish it from another, longer Bach organ fugue in G Minor (BWV 542). Toccata and Fugue, a two-part musical piece composed for the organ (generally speaking, the instrument most associated with the church), is assumed to have been created with spiritual intent (Schwarm). As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 The Baroque period was more about expressive music, though, and composers wanted to write music without being tied to text. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Bach: Prelude and Fugue No.1 in C major, BWV 846 Analysis - Tonic Chord J.S. A secondary source is from the copyist Johann Peter Kellner, written around 1725 and also now in the Berlin State Library. Eight Short Preludes and Fugues - Wikipedia Contrapunctus 12, Inversus](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEYZJNkYhxM). In this essay, the author. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese, ERROR: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW WITH DATA cannot be executed from a function, "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel". [20] Straube's organ playing reflected late-romantic style: as in Reger's works, his use of the Walze and Swell roller mechanisms, pioneered by Wilhelm Sauer, permitted rapid changes of dynamics and orchestral colour. From here it works its way back to the original key to endwith a Perfect Cadence on the Tonic Minor, A. Counter-exposition: None. Counterpoint in the Baroque Period: Definition, Harmony & Examples, Decorative and Ornate Music of the Baroque Era, Counterpoint in Music: Theory & Examples | Five Species of Counterpoint. Violin Sonata No.2 in A minor, BWV 1003 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) - IMSLP Bach). [20][22] One of Straube's Leipzig pupils, Heinrich Fleischer, was called up for service in Germany in 1941; in Russia he was injured in an automobile accident in 1943; after three days of surgery at Rwno, he was informed that two fingers of his left hand would have to be amputated, one completely and the other partially. Book 1, Fugue in d minor In Bach's time the ultimate liberation of the key of D minor from the Dorian mode was completed. Nevertheless, as far as Bach's music is concerned, Liszt became highly influential as a performer, transcriber and teacher. Fugue in G minor Laurens then writes that, "lighting a cigar that passed at moments from between his lips to his fingers, executing with his ten fingers the part written for the pedals, and indulging in other tours de force and prestidigitation, he was prodigious, incredible, fabulous, and received gratefully with enthusiasm." Prelude and Fugue in D minor, BWV 554 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) Basso Continuo Overview & Instruments | What is Basso Continuo? UExcel Introduction to Music: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Music: Certificate Program, Introduction to Humanities: Help and Review, Introduction to Humanities: Certificate Program, WEST Middle Level Humanities (Subtests 1 & 2)(052/053): Practice & Study Guide, Humanities 201: Critical Thinking & Analysis, General Social Science and Humanities Lessons, English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, Create an account to start this course today. When Bar 8 is reached, however, the ground occupied in the key for the time being is of half the original duration, one bar sufficing instead of two, because Double Counterpoint is not immediately brought to bear upon them. bach little fugue in g minor analysis. Fugues were written either as an independent piece or as part of a larger work. 1910] Topics Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750 Publisher London : E. Ashdown Collection facultyofmusic; toronto Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor Music - University of Toronto So instead of text, they sometimes used a small musical idea called a subject to rev their musical engines. "[1][5][6], The musicologist Peter Williams has pointed out that the catchy "lengthy sequential tail" of this fugue subject (its last 3 bars) "easily confuse[s] the ear about the beat" and is harmonically an exact "paraphrase" of the sequence in bars 6-8 of Vivaldi's double violin concerto Op. 2003 Jos Rodrguez Alvira and Jos D. Sandn. In the Royal Conservatory study of Theory - Level 9 and 10 Harmony and the ARCT level of Harmony in their textbooks they go into the Analysis of many of Bach's Fugues. Bars 1-16:Period I. The semiquaver figures begin as a solo in the manual:[1][2], and then, after a lengthy demisemiquaver embellishment over a tonic pedal point, are heard again in the pedal. What we do know is that there are almost certainly 47 bars missing and that here Bach would have combined the main theme of the entire work with the other three themes of this mighty fugue. In 1903 Straube had gone to teach at the conservatory in Leipzig, where he became organist at the Thomaskirche and later, in 1918, the Thomaskantor, a position once filled by Bach. The great characteristic of Period II is its employment of both Themes by Inversion, and the ascendancy of this device in this part of the Prelude. As Beechey (1973) observes, "The more serious question concerning the opening passage of the prelude in its early and later versions is the fact that Bach changed his demisemiquavers to semiquavers [] and in doing so preserved a calmer mood and a less rhapsodic feeling in the music; this change, however, does not and cannot mean that the early version is wrong or that the composer was mistaken. The term fugue refers to a compositional technique that can be applied across genres. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. bach little fugue in g minor analysis - shreyanspos.com To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Exposition: Bars 1-8. Bars 25-27: Subject in Bass. Bach "Little" Fugue in G Minor BWV 578 Rowan Draper Fugue Analysis- Bach Fugue in G Minor, WTC I - YouTube Bach - Fugue No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 855 - Analysis - YouTube Stinson (2006) points out that this kind of gimmickry was not uncommon at that time: "Indeed, [Liszt] is reported to have accompanied Joachim in the last movement of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto with a lighted cigar in his right hand the entire time! Although this Prelude and fugue in A minor occupies a relatively modest place in Bachs oeuvre, it really stands out in such a collection manuscript, even without Bachs name on it. bach little fugue in g minor analysis - stmatthewsbc.org Liszt performed the A minor fugue regularly in Berlin between 1842 and 1850. This sort of fast tune ending suddenly on an unexpected note is a typically whimsical musical gesture that we see in Bachs other early works. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Masterclass Notes and Accompaniment Tracks, Tonic Chord > Analysis > Bach Well Tempered Clavier Book 2 > Bach: Prelude and Fugue No.20 in A minor, BWV 889 Analysis, Analysis, Bach Well Tempered Clavier Book 2. [3][4], There are two versions of the Prelude, both dating from the same period in Weimar (17081713). Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. 2. So clearly Bach was driven by fierce personal inner necessity to compose these late works. The Fuga in each Sonata becomes the central movement due to its exceptional musical weight. It was basically the same sequence of notes each time, but in a different range. This is similar to a round, like 'Row, Row, Row Your Boat' or 'Frre Jacques.' With the fugue's freedom of composition, Baroque composers were finally able to put musical creativity in the driver's seat. While there, he met up with his friend Jean-Joseph Bonaventure Laurens, an organist, artist and writer. This website helped me pass! The Eight Short Preludes and Fugues (also Eight Little Preludes and Fugues), BWV 553560, are a collection of works for keyboard and pedal formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. What makes J.S. Bach's Toccata in D minor so terrifying? There is an additional source from the copyist Joachim Andreas Drbs whose score for BWV 543 formed part of a collection by Johann Christian Kittel, now in the Leipzig University Library. The fugue can be broken up into sections as follows: The fugue is in 68 time, unlike the prelude, which is in 44 time. How many pupils must have said to Johann Christoph Bach Id like more pieces by the composer of that fugue? The sources for BWV 543 are summarised in the section above. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. To drag it into the glare of the concert hall is akin to displaying mediaeval altar triptychs in modern art museums. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Episode III (Bar 15) in its first bar has the detached figure of the Codetta in the Treble and Bass, and reminiscences of the last notes of the Subject in the Alto. Later he realized that it reminded him of the theme of The Sicilian Clan, released one year earlier. A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice (or instrumental line) and then in another. The Australian composer Felix Werder once drily remarked that we cannot fully understand a work of art unless we know who paid for it. But Bach would never have envisaged a public rendition of any of these fugues, much less a performance of the complete work, which in any case was unthinkable in the context of the performance practice of the time. During this period there were reports that Liszt resorted to stunts in front of live audiences, which prompted possibly deserved charges of charlatanry. Let's use this piece to explore the different . He initially was there for 13 years. To the extent that music ultimately deals with existential questions of human existence, to conclude thus is perfectly valid. Three years later, writing to Pictet from Rome, Liszt praised the "magnificent" Six Fugues, offering to send him a copy if he lacked one. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. rev2023.3.3.43278. Many fugual devices are included in this fugue including stretto, episodes, a countersubject and three main voices. In Alessandro De Rosa's 2019 book, Ennio Morricone: in his own words, Morricone described the main musical theme for the 1970 film Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion as an "ambiguous tango." Classical Concerto Music & Form | What is a Concerto? Bach's G Minor Prelude And Fugue: A Timeless Masterpiece 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, and 14 in the first part, and 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, and 29 in the second part. Exposition The fugue is a three voice fugue. - Books & History, Counter Catholic Reformation: Definition, Music & Timeline, Hagia Sophia: Definition, History & Architecture, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Describe the importance of the subject and answer to the composition of the fugue, Explain how Baroque composers added contrast to the subjects and applied manipulation to the fugue, Identify Johann Sebastian Bach's influence on this style of music. 1600-1750. The Fugue is playable on the harpsichord but that does not mean it has been conceived for that instrument. After bars 36, there are semiquaver motifs in the manuals answered by similar motifs in the pedals: there are bris effects similar to those found in chorale prelude BWV 599 or the Passacaglia, BWV 582/1; and pedal motifs similar to those found in the chorale prelude BWV 643. Fugue Definition. Nevertheless, the pieces do amount to a fine book for learners, teaching whether or how to add pedal, use a second manual, and register according to so-called key characteristics."[2]. It is this fugue which has come down to us incomplete, and the reasons for this are disputed. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The device of Imitation reigns supreme in this Prelude, being found in one shape or another in every bar, except the final bars of the two great divisions of the movement. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Bach: Fugue in G Minor, BWV 578 (Digitally Remastered) "Please retry" Amazon Music Unlimited: Price . Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 is a piece of organ music written by Johann Sebastian Bach[1] sometime around his years as court organist to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar (17081713). But, the listeners might get bored if the music was just made up of subjects and countersubjects. Imagine you and a few friends are in a car race. The highly embellished cadence that followsfull of manual runs over sustained pedal notesleads into a contrapuntal exploration of the opening material in sequence; this is followed by a very free peroration. [2], These pieces came to be played often on the organ in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were especially useful as teaching pieces for beginners. Johann Ludwig Krebs zuzuschreiben? The Baroque Period in Music: Help and Review, The Organ: Instrument Characteristics and History, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Opera and Orchestral Music: Help and Review, The Oratorio: Composers, Definitions & Examples, Baroque Composers: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Pachelbel & More, Baroque Opera Composers: Monteverdi & Lully, Johann Pachelbel: Biography, Music & Facts, Johann Sebastian Bach: Biography, Music & Facts, The Baroque Orchestra: Instruments, Structure & Forms, The Beginnings of Opera: Influences and Components, The Classical Period in Music: Help and Review, The Romantic Period in Music: Help and Review, Musical Theater and Popular Music: Help and Review, Praxis Art: Content Knowledge (5134) Prep, Library Science 101: Information Literacy, MTTC Social Studies (Elementary) (105) Prep, Claude Monet: Biography, Paintings & Facts, The Alexander Mosaic: History, Composition & Style, Edvard Munch: Biography, Paintings & The Scream, The Ecumenical Council of Churches: Definition & Overview, What Is the New Testament? Gerhard Weinberger, Carl Christian Hoffmann Organ, St. Marien, This page was last edited on 26 March 2022, at 17:52. 40 years later, Laurens' brother recalls their lunchtime conversation. And Berio's arrangement of Bach's Contrapunctus XIX, the final, incomplete movement of The Art of Fugue, made a sombre prelude to the entire evening, its dignity undermined by an unnerving . academy of western music; mucinex loss of taste and smell; william fuld ouija board worth. It has been suggested that this piece may be the only surviving work from a series of short preludes and fugues used for teaching purposes. Bach's Toccata And Fugue In D Minor Analysis - 870 Words | Cram Thus after the solemn opening fugue, the second fugue might almost be felt as a parody. [7] (A similarity had been mentioned by Wolfgang Schmieder, editor of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis.) The Music of J. S. Bach - David Schulenberg 1999-01-01 This volume contains contributions by nine scholars on two broad themes: the analysis of Johann Sebastian Bach . https://www.uarts.edu/academics/compositionVideo by David Bennett Thomas http://www.davidbthomas.comPerformance by David Korevaar http://www.davidkorevaar.comRecording used with permission from David Korevaar.You might like to watch a video of a mini-lesson for the fugue I composed. This might be like a change of scenery in your race. Contrapunctus 5](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2Oheu8Gruc), Source: [J.S.Bach: The Art of Fugue BWV 1080 (Fretwork) XIV. "[4] Even though in 1952 the Bach scholar Walter Emery wrote about the works that "there seems no reason why they should not have been written about 173050 by some minor composer in central Germany, whether or not he was a pupil of Bach's," Williams thinks that the likely composerthe "eminence grise" as he puts itis most probably the composer Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer from Bohemia. Sonate pour violon n 2 en la mineur; Sonata No. [21] In the case of the fugue of BWV 543, this drew criticism, even amongst ardent supporters of Straube, when unorthodox registration resulted in a perceived sacrifice to clarity during brilliant passage work. The fifth, sixth and seventh fugues, all featuring prominent dotted rhythms, can be felt as, by turns, skittish, pompous and melancholy, while the 12th fugue borders on the tragic. Bach 's duties for the church included making religious music . Most allow the work to trail off at the point where Bachs manuscript ceases Others conclude with the chorale prelude mentioned above (a chorale prelude being a short contrapuntal elaboration of a traditional hymn tune). Based on the principle of imitation. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Counterpoint, or contrapuntal composing, is key to a fugue. Bach Fugue In G Minor Analysis. [26], The Oscar-winning Italian composer Ennio Morricone has described the relation between BWV 543 and the main themes of certain films he scored. Analysis of Bach Fugue in D Minor Free Essay Example The Toccata-like Prelude in A minorin the stylus phantasticusbears the hallmarks of Bach's early, north German-influenced style, while the fugue could be considered a later product of Bach's maturity.[1][2]. Fugue No. 2 BWV 847 in C Minor Sheet music for Piano (Solo One of J.S. Fugues were most popular during the Baroque Period, ca. Baroque Composers & Music | Handel, Pachelbel, Bach & Vivaldi. Each Movement, III. Hs. Due to the sequential nature of the subject, the majority of the fugue is composed of sequences or cadences. In 1857, having attended a Bach organ recital at the Frauenkirche, Dresden, which captivated both Clara Schumann and Joseph Joachim, Liszt's reaction had been, "Hm, dry as bones." Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 849 - Wikipedia Bach "Little" Fugue in G minor BWV 578 in Synthesia with Simple Analysis 271,399 views Nov 9, 2012 2.5K Dislike Share Save Cerlancism 2.21K subscribers Played by The Synthesia. 3, there is little modulation beyond what one finds in Fischer's succinct little essays, and any 'updating' of his idiom discerned in BWV 553560 binary form, post-Vivaldian patterns, post-Bach melodies, further episodes in some fugues, sometimes unclear handling of part-writing could be that of an admirer of his in 1750 or so. With his view that Bach was "the St. Thomas Aquinas of music," Liszt ultimately had an almost religious zeal for respecting the score as written by Bach. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. They were based on an earlier idea from the Renaissance Period called imitative polyphony, where multiple singers would sing the same melody at different times. After the subject is introduced, an answer is given. Which scores are best for those who are new to analysis? The Prlude and Fugue in C Minor, BWV 847, is a keyboard composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. 2 in A minor, BWV 1003; 2 ; Sonata II a-moll BWV 1003: Authorities BNF: 139093871: Composer Bach, Johann Sebastian: Opus/Catalogue Number Op./Cat. Bach - Fugue in G minor BWV 578 modulation analysis - Beethoman As a concert pianist, however, Liszt was not drawn to the organ. 1Eun-ho Kim, Form and Function in the Slow Movements of J. S. Bach's Three Sonatas for Solo Violin, BVW 1001, 1003, and 1005 (D.M.A. [2] Prior to Drr's scientific research on manuscripts, the 19th-century scholar Philipp Spitta had judged that the works bore the "stamp of commanding mastery";[3] and Sir George Grove, another 19th-century scholar, declared that "on stylistic grounds neither [Johann Tobias nor Johann Ludwig] seems likely. The other works are by composers like Pachelbel, Wecker, Zachow, Krieger and Werckmeister. They are now believed to have been composed by one of Bach's pupils, possibly Johann Tobias Krebs or his son Johann Ludwig Krebs, or by the Bohemian composer Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer. Their collaboration not only involved concert tours, but a special "BachRegerMusikfest" in June 1913, organized as the fifth Heidelberg Music Festival. As an organist and church choirmaster, it's no surprise that most of his fugues were written for organ, harpsichord, or chorus. Even in his later years, Liszt's A minor fugue remained one of his favourites: when he was invited to play at a private evening concert, with guests of honour Prince Albert of Prussia and his wife Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Liszt's first choice was the fugue and in his letter of thanks disclosed that Clara Schumann now as matter of course played his transcription rather than her own.