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[13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. I know of no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. ALL Shopping Rod. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? IV, ed. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. [5] For an indispensable rebuttal of this critique, see Thomas G. West, Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America (Lanham, Md. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' parentheses that agrees with the subject. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" That's your mom's counterclaim. Frederick Douglass pure story telling in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass directly goes against any argument for slavery from Fitzhugh, by revealing the harshness of the institution of slavery and the individuals behind it. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. The main parts of an argument are: An error occurred trying to load this video. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. IV, pp. This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. Would you want to have stolid friends? It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. [46] One of the most corrupting, debilitating effects of slavery, in Douglasss analysis, was its fostering of a cultural disdain for laboring as an activity beneath the dignity of truly free, truly human beings. 61, 6465. The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. [30] Life and Writings, Vol. international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. If he had he would have faced much more threats than he did. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. athenaeum club southend membership fees. [29] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument, April 14, 1876, in Life and Writings, Vol. If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. [8] The boy who became Frederick Douglass was born, enslaved, on Marylands Eastern Shore in February 1818 and given the improbably dignified name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. As he explained to an audience of Boston abolitionists in early 1862, fair play meant that the ruling majority should do nothing with us, by us, or for us as a particular class. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. Use etymological information in a dictionary to verify your choices, -obstacle: prevents progress V, p. 78. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. Not as Ethiopians, not as Caucasians, not as Mongolians, not as AfroAmericans, or AngloAmerican are we addressed but as men. In this method, the author would address the counterclaims within each of the body paragraphs. These displays of humanity would naturally arouse the sympathy of non-slaveholders, a few of whom at first, and more with the passage of time, would take up the cause of abolition. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The time for such argument is passed. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. 364366. He had finally conquered his fear of water. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. IV, p. 63. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Douglass provides. He taught them through all their hardships to love their country and their future in it. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. The persistence of Douglasss hopeful, energetic activism during that very difficult decade deserves further comment. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. In his successive responses to these developments, Douglass expressed not despair but rising hopefulness. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. They were great men too. For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. You really want a new cell phone, after all. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Accessed 4 Mar. Frederick Douglass Project: Claims of Our Common Cause | RBSCP Criticizethe reasoning of the counterclaimas being flawed, illogical, or biased. II, pp. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? II, pp. This reassuring view is not, however, the prevailing opinion among postCivil Rights Era scholars and activists concerned with race relations. The short essay, Slavery as a Mythologized Institution, explains how people in that time period justified the disgusting behavior that was demonstrated regularly. Douglass debunks the mythology of slavery in his narrative by rebuking the romantic image of slavery with very disturbing imagery, promotes his own views on the intellectual belief of slaves, and exposes the system for promoting the disloyalty among slaves. Components of an Argument: Reasons and Evidence, Essay Introduction: Write a Thesis and Capture Your Audience, Point of View: First, Second & Third Person, Logos, Ethos and Pathos: 3 Ways to Appeal to an Audience in Essays, Parts of An Argument: Claims, Counterclaims, Reasons, and Evidence, Writing Informative Texts: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2, Writing Narratives: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3, Writing Development, Organization & Style: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4, Revising & Editing: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5, Conducting Research: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Writing Practice: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP College Composition: Study Guide & Test Prep, 12th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, College Composition for Teachers: Professional Development, Logical Argument: Definition, Parts & Examples, Understanding Whether Given Evidence Supports a Conclusion, Drawing Conclusions Based on Internal Validity, Verifiable Evidence, Reasoning, & Logical Arguments in Science, German Baroque Literature: Characteristics & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. Wiki User. Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. Another is that slavery is an institution fundamentally based on violence, telling the story of the vicious beatings an aunt of his would often receive: I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects Americas founding principles as racist, abandons the goal of integration, and fosters alienation. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Douglass's really has two central claims in theNarrative. position? How would you like to be able to win any argument? Douglass presented this speech to an antislavery societyan audience that was already on his side. The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. He allowed that Lincolns election has demonstrated the possibility of electingan anti-slavery reputation to the Presidency of the United States.[24] But an anti-slavery reputation was a far cry from a genuine abolitionist, in Douglasss estimation, and Douglass at first expected little of Lincoln, who did not share his radically abolitionist reading of the Constitution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). Douglasss arguments on this subject extended back to his early abolitionist years, when he saw very clearly that slaves natural rights to liberty were fundamentally identical with their natural rights to propertywith their natural properties in their own persons, in their own labor, and in the fruits of that laborand that the fundamental evil of slavery was to deprive them, at once, of both. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. A claim is an argument in statement form. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. As the author of three autobiographies, Douglass framed his life story as a series of reversals of fortune suggestive of the possibility of liberating revolutionary change. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? Fair play meant at minimum that the nation must reject the alternatives of (1) re-enslavement, this time of the entire black American population; (2) colonization or expatriation; (3) persisting subordination of blacks as a degraded caste; and (4) outright extermination. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? - Brainly.com work!!! How does Douglass's opening reference to the Declaration of Independence reinforce his message? Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. They also remarked that slaves were often singing, which was said to prove they were happy, asserted that slaves were well taken of with cradle-to-grave security offered by benign masters, and argued that Christianity insured that white slave owners treated slaves with compassion. Why, or why not? His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. Explain. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. IV, p. 436. Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? State what role curiosity plays in an interview. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. I was a man now.[9]. Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. Already a member? [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. The first televised presidential debate took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. In Ch. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. He states This battle with Mr. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. Although abolitionists including Douglass had assailed Lincoln for his seeming reluctance to strike at slavery, Douglass now conceded the superiority of Lincolns judgment: Had he put the abolition of slavery before the salvation of the Union, he would have inevitably driven from him a powerful class of the American people and rendered resistance to rebellion impossible. IV, p. 68. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. IV, p. 319. IV, p. 420. to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. It is an effort to cast out Satan by Beelzebub. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. Douglass wanted to show his opposition to slavery and knew he would meet many criticisms.