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AP gov chapter 11 terms Flashcards - Questions and Answers - Quizlet Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435457. descriptive representation pros and consupgrading kramer baretta specialupgrading kramer baretta special Descriptive designs -the current state of affairs, Provides a relatively complete picture, does not assess relationships among variables Experimental - impact on experimental manipulations on a dependent variable, Allows drawing of conclusions, Cannot experimentally manipulate many important variables, Descriptive research, this will not answer questions like how, when, why it has happened. See appendix (Supplementary material) for detailed comparison of CCAP and MTurk data. PDF Is All Descriptive Representation Equal?: A Closer Look at Latino Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. 2. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more . What is procedural justice-criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School Want to share feedback on WAPPP's events, programming, and opportunities for student and alum engagement? Journal of Politics, 66(2), 534556. This article is called What Happens to Mental Health Treatment During Pregnancy? Patterns and correlations are clear and visible: Statistical data is data that has already been analyzed and therefore the patterns and correlations have already been done and are clear and visible. The index was re-scaled to run from 0 (least fair) to 1 (most fair). Womens Experience with Prescribing Providers? The study included pregnant women that are depressed. Political Research Quarterly, 57(1), 8199. They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. Law and Society Review, 22, 103. The reality of this type of governing, however, is that each party wants to have its own way with things. For notable exceptions, see Tate (2003) and Casellas and Wallace 2015). Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. To illustrate, observing someone do a multitude of rudimentary actions can be considered a deed of naturalistic observation. Guinier, L. (1995). However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. ; . Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Lawless, J. L. (2004). Pros and cons of statistics - Pros an Cons Banducci, S. A., Donovan, T., & Karp, J. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. Overby, L. M., Brown, R. D., Bruce, J. M., Smith, C. E, Jr., & Winkle, J. W, III. 12 Proportional Representation Pros and Cons - Vittana.org Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). Pros and cons of working with samples. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. The two types of designs used in descriptive research are described below: In cross-sectional designs, the variables are not affected by any type of process, which is why they only dedicate themselves to observing the event as it happens, limiting themselves only to analyzing them. Why people obey the law: Procedural justice, legitimacy, and compliance. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2), 441460. Political Research Quarterly, 63(4), 890907. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. 6. As in all types of research, the data provided by descriptive research must be both accurate and reliable. ; ; . 2. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Incumbent. Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply PR, is defined as an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.. Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools On the other hand, to obtain qualitative information, the type of data obtained does not have to do with numbers or. That means those who serve in the government are less likely to focus on local issues as they have no local representation responsibilities. Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford The figure below presents the difference in the likelihood of a voter believing that their ballot, ballots locally, and ballots across the state are counted accurately with and without the presence of descriptive representation. For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. The authors would like to thank Bill Bianco, Eileen Braman, Christopher DeSante, Bernard Fraga, Brian Gaines, Jim Kuklinski, Jeff Mondak, Diana Z. OBrien, and Cara Wong for guidance and feedback on earlier drafts. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Wh, The failed NFL diversity rule corporate America loves, Practicing DEI: A Conversation with HKS Alums, International Womens Day Community Breakfast, Harvard Alumni Allyship Series: International Women's Day, But the Fellows Are Simply Diversity Hires! How Organizational Contexts Influence Status Beliefs, 3 Negotiation Myths Still Harming Womens Careers. Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. Hero, R. E. & Tolbert, C. J. Scholarship evaluating the substantive benefits of Latino representation has produced conflicting results. A contingent yes. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. It has received increasing attention as a source of subjects for social science researchers. Descriptive statistics summary for Data science - Medium It provides a system of true representation. The selection of questions should include both open and closed questions, thus guaranteeing a balance between them and making it possible to collect good quality information. The Journal of Politics, 61(03), 628657. Congresswomen and symbolic representation. People who were part of the study had experienced some medication error in their work unit, with dose errors being the most frequent and the number of staff giving to the event of medication errors. Just 5 countries in the world today use a system that is based on plurality voting. Harvard Kennedy School In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero The Women and Public Policys faculty, research fellows, and students are committed to advancing women and gender equity globally. Currently, 24 percent of the legislature is women with four out of. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 3. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. pros and cons of descriptive representation In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance . In contexts of historical political subordination and low de facto legitimacy, descriptive representation helps create a social meaning of "ability to rule" and increases the attachment to the polity of members of the group. Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A - Studylib descriptive representation pros and cons - klobeto.com 1999 The University of Chicago Press The limitations of descriptive research include that it cannot explain why something is happening and may be biased. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. But the truth about that quote is that it actually arose from Henry Kett's 1814 collection of proverbs and Bon Mots called . More gridlock, instead of less, can be created, especially if more than two parties are involved in the coalition. While Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. 2. It is for this reason that it can be said that a descriptive research is quantitative. Tomorrow at @BelferCenter: MEI Senior Fellow Dr. Ghadeer Aseri will discuss issues of gender & inequality in the MENA region with MEI Senior Fellow and former Prime Minister of Tunisia Dr. Youssef Chahed. For the case of the design of a descriptive investigation, most of the time it is necessary to obtain data that refers to the quantity. PDF Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent - 167.99.130.146. It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils A. (2010). This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. Hayes, M., Hibbing, M.V. S congress has been recognized for being the most ethnically and racially, The Congress has a fair representation of minorities including Hispanic, Asians, Native Americans and blacks accounting for 22 percent of the total representation(Geiger, has been an increase in representation in comparison to how previous Congress was, Congress, minorities constituted 1 percent of the House. pros and cons of descriptive representation - maxidress.store Some of the most important are listed below. Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., et al. Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. In, addition, women representation has grown over the years with the current Congress having more, women in positions of power. Congress in black and white. Gay, C. (2001). Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Since subjects are randomly assigned to conditions and we have good balance on demographic items across treatment conditions, we are not particularly concerned about potential confounds. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representative's ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representative's ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: It can only describe a situation and cannot explain why something is happening. Including either actual or perceived percent black in the community as covariates had no effect on our substantive findings. The goal for this study is examine the decision of the prescribing provider when he is inform that a depress woman is pregnant. There are times when a strong majority in the government is required to push through needed reforms. Tyler, T. R. (1990). Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Pros and Cons: Representing Yourself in Court - A WordPress Site By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Pros and Cons of Experimental Research | Vision Launch Media It does not provide direct representation to specific communities. research is observational in nature and a type of correlational research, and is often contrasted with. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. pros and cons of descriptive representation. Effects Of Grading System On Students: Pros And Cons Individuals who work in Psychology use three different methods to observe people called controlled, natural, and participant observation. Also the data collected from the observed can be completely different from all other naturalistic observation in which would mean that the data is more or less, Naturalistic observation is observing behavior in an open, relaxed environment. Even in countries that have encouraged proportional representation, some of the largest changes that have occurred in those societies happened when an absolute majority was present within the government. Scherer, N., & Curry, B. Data from the 2016Survey of the Performance of American Elections(SPAE) was used to evaluate the relationship between descriptive representation and confidence. A finding supported with regard to courts by Scherer and Curry (2010), although their study did not take into account whether this effect would be independent of substantive outcomes. The results of the analysis suggest that black voters whose primary interaction on Election Day is with a black poll worker express greater confidence that their ballot, ballots across their local jurisdiction, and ballots across their state are counted accurately. Different from an absolute majority, a full majority brings more voices into each debate, allowing for a diversity of opinions to be heard. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. (2015). PubMedGoogle Scholar. Given the important role that poll workers play as the street level bureaucrats that voters encounter and the role that descriptive representation can play in legitimizing government, it stands to reason that for minority voters, interacting with a poll worker of similar racial identity will increase confidence in elections. The main difference between descriptive and substantive representation is that in descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent, whereas, in substantive representation, representatives focus on the issues of a particular group. It seeks to provide information about the what, how, when, and where of the research problem, without giving priority to answering the why of the problem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. The concept of representation. By understanding when descriptive research is the most appropriate research method to use, researchers can ensure that they are gathering the most accurate and comprehensive data possible. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. Representing black interests and promoting black culture: The importance of African American descriptive representation in the US House. The Journal of Politics (PDF) Descriptive Statistics - ResearchGate Cameron, C., Epstein, D., & OHalloran, S. (1996). Document Cited authorities 1 Cited in Related. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. Sharing a racial identity with a member of Congress can also increase the likelihood of aconstituent contactingtheir member of Congress. In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. Descriptive Naming: What Are Descriptive Brand Names? Journal of Politics, 67(2), 407428. Barnes, T. D. & Burchard, S. M. (2012). This method allows a researcher to watch someones uninhibited reactions compared to surveys or case surveys where you can answer truthfully or untruthfully. - Volume 55 Issue 2. Part of Springer Nature. Hibbing, J. R., & Theiss-Morse, E. (2002). Mailbox 100 Degree of Control over Variables. Limits of Descriptive Representation. Descriptive research is one of the most basic forms of research that can be conducted to gain insights into a particular subject. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1963). 05.17.2018, https://electionlab.mit.edu/articles/descriptive-representation-election-administration. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. In most cases, descriptive research gets data on quantities, notqualities. Horizontal Communication Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils - DeepDyve These respondents were excluded from analysis. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Amazons mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? American Political Science Review, 95, 589602. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. pros and cons of descriptive representationdanny sorenson paper clips. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). They have no way of having that vote be represented. Book Engendering politics the impact of descriptive representation on womens political engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. When the implementation of descriptive representation involves some costs in other values, paying those costs makes most sense in these specific historical contexts. American Politics Quarterly, 25(1), 118133. Numbers and Newness: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils. However, if researchers want to understand why something is happening, they may need to use other research methods. An American who represents themselves in court has a fool for a client, according to an old story told about former President Abraham Lincoln. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. It reduces the effects of extremism in politics. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires descriptive representation far more . They basically consist of making a description of the variables to be measured in a phenomenon, and analyzing the incidence at the time that event occurs. Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 4612. Defination , Difference and Limitations of Descriptive and Inferential pros and cons of descriptive representation Politics of presence? that: The most affecting descriptive writing results from an author's providing not a linguistic blueprint of a library but the raw material (the air tinged with the scent of old pages, the shafts of dusty light through the window slats, the whispers, like trickling water, of the librarians behind the oval reference desk) from which the reader can erect her own library. So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. Problems to select a suitable method: Information can be . PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account.